What emotional intelligence is
Emotional intelligence is the ability to work with emotions instead of being pushed around by them. It starts with noticing what you feel and naming it clearly. Anger, embarrassment, excitement, and worry all feel different, and they point to different needs. A person with strong emotional intelligence can tell frustration from disappointment, and can say why they feel the way they do, instead of simply reacting. That sounds simple, but it is a skill most people have to practice, because emotions often arrive faster than words do.
The second part is managing what you feel. Managing an emotion does not mean suppressing it or pretending it is not there. It means choosing what to do with it. A person who is angry can pause before replying to a sharp email. A person who is nervous before a presentation can use that energy to prepare rather than to panic. The emotion stays, but the response changes.
The third part is reading other people. Emotions show up in tone of voice, facial expression, and body language, and most of us read these signals without thinking about it. Emotional intelligence is partly about reading them more carefully: noticing when a colleague says they are fine but does not sound fine, or when a friend's short reply means they are upset rather than busy. The fourth part is using all of this to keep relationships working.